VAT Neutrality in Community

Cache-Oblivious VAT-Algorithms

The VAT-model (virtual address translation model) extends the EM-model (external memory model) and takes the cost of address translation in virtual memories into account. In this model, the cost of a single memory access may be logarithmic in the largest address used. We show that the VAT-cost of cache-oblivious algorithms is only a constant factor larger than their EM-cost; this requires a som...

Communism, Value Neutrality and Monetary Neutrality

One of the most puzzling aspects about the functioning of the floating exchange rate regime of the 1980s has been that huge swings in exchange rate have had only muted effects on anything real. To understand this phenomenon, we study the relationship between communism and value neutrality and monetary neutrality. We find that the symmetry of communism is bound to lead to value neutrality. In th...

Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: a stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly.

Stochastic niche theory resolves many of the differences between neutral theory and classical tradeoff-based niche theories of resource competition and community structure. In stochastic niche theory, invading species become established only if propagules can survive stochastic mortality while growing to maturity on the resources left unconsumed by established species. The theory makes three pr...

Challenges of Refund in the VAT System

  Abstract Tax refund is one of the most critical areas in the implementation of the VAT Act. There is typically variance between the taxpayer’s claimed credits and the tax auditor’s assessment leading to tension between the two parties, and if it isn’t managed properly, it will weaken the operation of VAT system and will provide the examination prorogation, inequity and distrust in the law an...

Brains in a Vat: Different Perspectives